① Recent trends indicate worker s increasingly value work ing conditions ( job amenit ies as highly as wages. This s hift suggests that a considerable number of workers in the labor market are willing to forgo a portion of their wage s for better work ing conditions.

② In particular, female, young, and highly educated workers are more often employed in high amenity jobs. Conversely , while elderly workers show a strong preference for job amenities a smaller proportion of them hold high amenity jobs . This discrepancy is due low er education levels , which put elderly workers at a disadvantage in the labor market competition. 

③ When re measuring income inequality by converting job amenities into monetary value, inequality increases. The income quintile share ratio rises from 4.0 to 4.2, mainly be cause a large proportion of high income earners are in high amenity jobs. Meanwhile, the income gap between men and women narrows, with women's income levels compared to men increasing from 70.5 percent to 73.6 percent. This is because female workers are m ore frequently engaged in high amenity jobs and place a higher value on job amenities. This finding implies that the gender wage gap is partially explained by differences in job amenities.

④ As the share of women and the elderly in the labor force is expecte d to gradually increase, working conditions are likely to become a more important factor in the job selection process. Given the high preference for job amenities among these groups, labor shortages in workplaces with a low job amenity index are expected t o worsen. Therefore, it is necessary to devise measures to improve working conditions in the domestic labor market to attract more women and elderly workers to participate.