The perception of global supply chains has shifted dramatically. Once hailed as the engine of economic growth, global supply chains are now seen as a potential source of risk. This has led to the rise of geopolitical blocs and a push toward localization. Moreover, the slowdown in the growth of goods trade that began in the 2010s has persisted, while service trade has continued to grow, significantly altering the trade landscape. Going forward, supply chains are likely to be shaped by several key factors: ① geopolitical tensions, ② AI-driven digital transformation, ③ expansion of service trade, and ④ climate change responses.